His father had originally been born plain Rapagnetta (the name of his single mother), but at the age of 13 had been adopted by a childless rich uncle, Antonio D'Annunzio. Though D'Annunzio preached Italian ultranationalism and never called himself a fascist, he has been accused of partially inventing Italian fascism as both his ideas and aesthetics were an influence upon Benito Mussolini.ĭ'Annunzio was born in the township of Pescara, in the region of Abruzzo, the son of a wealthy landowner and mayor of the town, Francesco Paolo Rapagnetta D'Annunzio (1831–1893) and his wife Luisa de Benedictis (1839-1917). The constitution made "music" the fundamental principle of the state, which was corporatist in nature. As part of an Italian nationalist reaction against the Paris Peace Conference, he set up the short-lived Italian Regency of Carnaro in Fiume with himself as Duce. He was associated with the elite Arditi storm troops of the Italian Army and took part in actions such as the Flight over Vienna. His affairs with several women, including Eleonora Duse and Luisa Casati, received public attention.ĭuring the First World War, perception of D'Annunzio in Italy transformed from literary figure into a national war hero. He came under the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche which would find outlets in his literary and later political contributions. Such works represented a turn against the naturalism of the preceding romantics and was both sensuous and mystical. He was often referred to under the epithets Il Vate ("the Poet") or Il Profeta ("the Prophet").ĭ'Annunzio was associated with the Decadent movement in his literary works, which interplayed closely with French Symbolism and British Aestheticism. He occupied a prominent place in Italian literature from 1889 to 1910 and later political life from 1914 to 1924. General Gabriele D'Annunzio, Prince of Montenevoso OMS CMG MVM ( UK: / d æ ˈ n ʊ n t s i oʊ/, US: / d ɑː ˈ n uː n-/, Italian: 12 March 1863 – 1 March 1938), sometimes written d'Annunzio, was an Italian poet, playwright, orator, journalist, aristocrat, and army officer during World War I.
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